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Hence, awareness and understanding of both conditions when they co-occur is less established and there is little guidance in the clinical literature. However, ADHD and ASD were not formally recognised diagnostically as co-occurring conditions until the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5) was published in 2013. There are established guidelines with regard to the identification and treatment of ADHD and ASD as independent conditions. Individuals with co-occurring hyperactivity disorder/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can have complex presentations that may complicate diagnosis and treatment.
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